Friday, November 4, 2011

Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol

Penulis Rusia yang lahir di Sorokinsti, Mirgorod, Provinsi Poltava, pada tanggal 20 Maret 1809 ini, dikenal lewat kemampuan berceritanya yang satir namun kocak. Kebanggaan nasionalisme yang hebat dan kekagumannya terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Kosak yang sederhana mendasari tema akan karya-karyanya. Hal ini terlihat dari pandangannya terhadap dehumanisasi manusia yang menurutnya telah rusak, kendati tetap mempertahankan lokalitas di setiap karyanya. Intensitasnya dalam menghadapi masalah tersebut membawanya ke dalam penjelajahan yang surealis dan absurd, seperti cerita berjudul Hidung (1836; Nos).
Tiga hal inilah yang membuat Gogol dinobatkan sebagai sastrawan besar Rusia dikarena orisinalitas karya-karyanya. Kesuksesannya diawali dengan karya yang berjudul Vechera na khutore blis Dikanki (1831; Suatu Malam di Ladang Dekat Dikanka) yang dilandasi dari konflik Barat dan Slavia generasi tua, yang kebetulan diceritakan oleh ibunya dan orang-orang sekitar. Kumpulan cerita lainnya adalah Mirgorod (1835), Shinel (1842; Mantel) serta dua buah karya masterpiece-nya, yakni Mertvye Dushi (1842; Jiwa-Jiwa Mati), dan Revizor (1836: Inspektur Jenderal). Karena karya-karyanya yang luar biasa ini kedudukannya sejajar dengan sastrawan besar Rusia lainnya seperti Leo Tolstoy, Ivan Turgenev, Fyodor Dostoyevksy dan Alexander Pushkin.
Simak ceritanya yang berjudul “Hidung” di Blog Saswaloka ini. Berikut adalah sinopsisnya:
Asesor Kolega Kovalev bangun suatu pagi dan menemukan bahwa hidungnya telah hilang. Pada saat yang sama di tempat lain di St. Petersburg, Si Tukang Cukur Ivan Yakovlevitch menemukan hidung dalam sarapan rotinya. Bagaimanapun, Si Tukang Cukur, dengan maksud untuk melepaskan diri dari peristiwa aneh itu, berusaha untuk melempar hidung itu ke sungai Neva. Tak lama kemudian, Kovelev kebetulan saja melihat hidungnya mengenderai kereta kuda dan mengenakan seragam Konselor Negara (pangkat yang lebih tinggi dari pada Asesor Kolega). Ia menuntut agar hidung itu menyerahkan diri, sayangnya hidung itu menampik dengan kasar.
Awalnya baik polisi maupun surat kabar tidak mau membantu, tapi kemudian petugas polisi, yang kebetulan memerhatikan seorang tukang cukur melemparkan sesuatu ke sungai, mengembalikan hidung yang hilang itu pada Kovalev. Akan tetapi, masalah lain pun muncul. Bagaimana ia bisa menempelkan hidung itu kembali ke wajahnya? Untuk itu ia berkonsultasi pada seorang dokter, yang menyarankan agar membiarkannya secara alami, “baiknya kau seperti apa adanya sekarang, jika tidak kau akan membuatnya lebih buruk.” Malangnya Kovalev tak berhidung!
Bagaimana nasib Kovalev selanjutnya?

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